Nickel is a versatile metal that has numerous applications in various industries. It is known for its strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion, making it a valuable resource in modern society.

Yet, the extraction, processing, and use of nickel can have significant environmental impacts. First, nickel mining and processing involve the use of chemicals and heavy machinery, which can lead to soil and water contamination. These pollutants can cause serious health problems for humans and wildlife, including cancer, reproductive issues, and developmental problems and have long-lasting environmental effects, as these pollutants can remain in the environment for many years.

To address this issue, some mining companies are implementing sustainable mining practices that reduce waste generation and minimize the use of chemicals. For instance, some companies are using innovative technologies, such as bioleaching, to extract nickel from low-grade ores without the use of harmful chemicals. Another approach to reducing soil and water contamination is to implement best management practices (BMPs) that aim to minimize the impact of mining activities on the environment.

Nickel mining also often requires the clearing of large areas of forest to access mineral deposits. This can lead to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity, as well as increased erosion and soil degradation. Deforestation also contributes to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and reducing the capacity of forests to absorb and store carbon. Worse, the loss of forested areas can impact local communities, who may rely on these ecosystems for food, water, and other resources. This can lead to the displacement of entire communities and the loss of livelihoods for those who depend on the land for their sustenance which can in turn have significant social and economic consequences. In addition to the loss of homes and land, displaced communities may experience a breakdown of social networks and traditional ways of life. They may also face challenges in accessing basic services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation.

To deal with the loss of biodiversity, some mining companies are implementing sustainable forestry practices that promote reforestation and biodiversity conservation. An example of this is partnering with local communities to restore degraded areas and protect important habitats. Other companies are using innovative technologies, such as remote sensing and geospatial analysis, to identify areas of high conservation value and prioritize them for protection. In addition to promoting sustainable forestry practices, some companies are also exploring alternative mining techniques that can reduce the need for deforestation such as underground mining techniques that do not require the clearing of large areas of forest.

To manage  the displacement movements , some mining companies have started implementing community development programs that aim to support affected communities and promote sustainable livelihoods. These programs can include measures such as vocational training, job creation, and support for small businesses. By providing support for affected communities, mining companies can help to mitigate the social impacts of their operations and promote sustainable development.

Additionally, nickel processing can cause significant air pollution by contributing to acid rain and health problems in nearby communities as exposure to air pollutants can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and can exacerbate existing health conditions.

To address this issue, some mining companies are trying to implement clean energy solutions that reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote the use of renewable energy sources as well as implementing strategies to reduce emissions from their transportation.

The mining and processing of nickel can also lead to human rights violations, particularly in developing countries with weak regulatory frameworks. Human rights violations can include forced labor, child labor, and violations of the rights of indigenous peoples. These violations can occur at all stages of the supply chain, from mining to processing to manufacturing. Forced labor and child labor are particularly prevalent in the mining industry with workers being forced to work long hours in dangerous conditions without adequate pay or benefits in hazardous conditions in mines and processing plants. The violations also often lead to social tension and conflict, particularly in areas where mining activities are taking place on or near indigenous lands as many indigenous communities depend on the land for their livelihoods and have deep cultural ties to the land. The displacement of these communities, which are disproportionately affected by nickel mining and processing,  can have a significant impact on their way of life and cultural practices which then often leads to considerable social tension and conflict between local communities and mining companies. In some cases, mining operations have even led to violent conflicts between local communities and the companies or government forces involving significant threats to the safety and well-being of local communities, in addition to disrupting mining operations and causing significant financial losses.

As a response, some mining companies are implementing human rights due diligence programs that aim to identify and mitigate the risk of human rights violations in their supply chains, as well as implementing community engagement programs that aim to build relationships of trust and respect with local communities. These programs can include measures such as regular meetings with community leaders, participation in local cultural events, and support for local development initiatives.

However, given how widespread the applications of nickel are, it is undeniable that nickel plays a critical role in modern society. One of the primary uses of nickel is in the production of stainless steel which is used in various applications, including construction, automotive, and household appliances. Without nickel, the production of stainless steel would not be possible, and numerous industries would be impacted.

Nickel is also an essential component in batteries, specifically nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. These batteries are commonly used in hybrid and electric vehicles, as well as portable electronics such as laptops and cell phones. The demand for NiMH batteries is expected to increase as the world transitions to a low-carbon economy, highlighting the importance of nickel in clean energy.

In addition, nickel alloys are commonly used in the aerospace industry due to their strength and high-temperature resistance. These alloys are used in aircraft engines, turbine blades, and other critical components. Nickel alloys can withstand extreme temperatures and stress, making them ideal for the demanding conditions of the aerospace industry.

Nickel is used in various chemical processes, including catalysis, electroplating, and hydrogenation. Nickel catalysts are used in the production of chemicals such as fertilizers and plastics, while electroplating with nickel is used to improve the corrosion resistance and appearance of metal surfaces. Additionally, nickel is used in the production of hydrogen from natural gas, highlighting its role in the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Finally, nickel is also used in the medical industry in various applications, including medical equipment and implants as well as dental braces, while nickel-titanium alloys are used in orthodontic wires.

The essential role of nickel is likely to be even more crucial with time because as we transition to a low-carbon economy, the demand for nickel is expected to increase, highlighting the importance of resource efficiency and sustainability in the nickel industry. There is therefore a significant trade-off between the damages that the nickel industry produces, and the increasing benefits that it allows, especially in terms of the green transition. Like many issues to do with the climate change crisis, there is thus no clear cut answer on how to regulate the production of nickel. What is nonetheless true is that multilateral collaboration between the public and private sector as well as the local communities is key.